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Unit economics and ROMI calculator: do your ads pay off?

Six numbers about your business show what a new customer costs, what they bring in over their lifetime, and the highest cost per lead you can afford without losing money. Two more fields show what you can pay per lead and per customer if you decide in advance what share of the first order goes to ads. The fields hold an example — enter your own numbers.

Your numbers

$
What a customer pays for one purchase.
%
The share of the order left after cost of goods, before ad spend.
On average. For a one-off service, use 1.
$
%
How many leads out of 100 become customers.

Affordable cost

%
How many leads out of 100 a manager confirms as a fit: the person suits you and is ready to talk about buying.
%
The part of the average order you are willing to pay to win a customer. Keep it below your margin, or the first purchase loses money.

Result

Customer acquisition cost (CAC)
—
Enter leads and conversion
Customer lifetime value (LTV)
—
LTV : CAC
—
New customers per month
—
Current cost per lead
—
Break-even cost per lead
—
Profit from the first purchase
—
Profit over customer lifetime
—
ROMI, first purchase
—
ROMI, lifetime
—

Affordable cost at your ad share

Customer, up to
—
Qualified lead, up to
—
Lead, up to
—

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Profit here is gross: only cost of goods and ad spend are subtracted. Salaries, rent and taxes are not included, which is why many businesses aim for an LTV to CAC ratio of 3 to 1. The affordable cost is based on the first order, while LTV includes repeat purchases, so the two conclusions can differ.

How unit economics is calculated

Unit economics is the math of a single customer: what it costs to win them and what they bring in. The calculator uses five formulas:

  • CAC = ad spend ÷ new customers.
  • LTV = average order value × gross margin × purchases per customer.
  • LTV : CAC — how many times a customer pays back what it cost to acquire them.
  • ROMI = (gross profit from new customers − ad spend) ÷ ad spend × 100%.
  • Break-even cost per lead = LTV × lead-to-customer conversion. Pay more than that and every new customer loses money.

The Affordable cost block answers a different question: what you can pay if you have decided in advance what share of the first order goes to winning a customer.

  • Cost per customer = average order value × ad share of the order.
  • Cost per lead = cost per customer × lead-to-customer conversion.
  • Cost per qualified lead = cost per customer × conversion of a qualified lead into a customer, which is lead-to-customer conversion ÷ share of qualified leads.

A qualified lead is one a manager has checked and confirmed as a fit. Some leads drop out, so you can pay more for a qualified lead than for a plain one: with the default example, up to $6 per lead and up to $12 per qualified lead.

The first purchase and the full customer lifetime are shown separately. Salons, cafés and service businesses often lose money on the first order and profit only on repeat visits. That works as long as customers really come back, so take the purchase count from your own data, not from hopes.

Working out the whole picture — channels, budgets and a plan — is part of marketing strategy.

Frequently asked questions

What is unit economics in simple terms?

It is the math of one customer: what it costs to acquire them and how much money they bring in. If a customer brings in more than they cost to acquire, ads build profit. If less, every new customer adds to the loss.

What is a good LTV to CAC ratio?

A common benchmark is 3 to 1: a customer brings three times more gross profit than they cost to acquire. The buffer covers salaries, rent and taxes, which this calculation leaves out. Between 1 and 3 ads pay off, but barely. Below 1 they lose money.

Why do ads lose money on the first purchase but pay off over the lifetime?

That happens in businesses with repeat purchases. The first order does not cover acquisition; the money comes from customers who return. This only works if customers really do come back.

What if my ads don't pay off?

There are four levers: lower the cost per lead (ads, audiences, landing page), raise lead-to-customer conversion (reply speed, sales script, chatbot), raise the average order value, and bring customers back for repeat purchases. Change the numbers above to see which lever moves the result most.

How do I calculate the affordable cost per lead and per customer?

Multiply the average order value by the share you are willing to spend to win a customer: that is the affordable cost per customer. Multiply it by the lead-to-customer conversion to get the affordable cost per lead. Example: a $120 order, 20% for ads, 25% conversion: up to $24 per customer and $6 per lead.

What is a qualified lead?

A lead that a manager has checked and confirmed as a fit: the person suits you and is ready to talk about buying. Some leads drop out, so you can pay more for a qualified lead than for a plain one. The calculator shows it as a separate line in the Affordable cost block.

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